pinwormsis a frequent guest in children's groups. This is a medium-sized inhabitant (up to 1 cm long) of the small and large intestine, lays eggs, emerging from the rectum, in the folds of the skin, underwear and bedding. This occurs most often at night, accompanied by intense itching in the anus. Pinworm eggs mature after 4-6 hours and are ready to cause disease, they are perfectly preserved in the environment. They enter the human body with dust, with dirty hands, through stuffed animals, underwear, dishes.
Make a diagnosis: it is necessary to scrape the skin around the anus and perform a microscope examination, at least 3 times at 3-day intervals.
When pinworm eggs are found, the entire family of those infected should be examined.
Around the world, around 350 million people are infected with enterobiasis, when a family member is infected, the danger of the disease for all households is very high.
Toxocara: a parasite
Toxocarais a parasite of the digestive system of dogs. In the US and Europe, 80% of puppies and more than 50% of adult dogs have toxocariasis. Human surveys have shown that up to 37% of the population is sensitized to the Toxocara antigen. This means that these people were or are now carriers of toxocara.
Toxocara is up to 30 cm long, in this way it lives in the body of its permanent owner, a dog. The dog releases toxocar eggs in the sand, the ground, where they can persist for several years. With the sand, they fall into the hands of children who play in the sandboxes, and they also stick to shoes and clothes. Entering a person is a dead end for the parasite, because the larvae mature, spread through the vessels and internal organs, but do not stand out.
To make a diagnosis, stool analysis is not at all informative, a biopsy of the affected organs (usually the liver) and immunological tests are needed.
The most tragic thing is the drift of toxocar in the eyes (15% of the cases of eye removal in the world are due to toxocara), the lesions of the lungs, heart, brain and muscles are alsounpleasant: fever, cough, liver enlargement, swollen lymph nodes, skin rashes, nervous and mental disorders, seizures.
Ascaris: a parasite
Ascaris: affects up to 100 million people per year. It reaches a person with food (usually raw herbs, vegetables and fruits), with raw water, dirty hands, dust and is actively carried by flies. The length of the roundworm is up to 40cm, a female roundworm secretes up to 200, 000 eggs daily, which enter the soil and keep well for years. The ingested roundworm egg turns into a larva in the small intestine, then penetrates the intestinal wall, enters the blood capillaries, is transported to the liver, brain, eyes, heart and lungs. In the process of movement, roundworms feed on blood - erythrocytes and nutrients. Anemia (anemia) is a common companion of ascariasis.
The migration of the larvae causes allergies in humans, pain throughout the body, fever, increased risk of asthma, arthritis, neurodermatitis, eczema, seizures. If it enters the lungs due to the rupture of the blood vessels, bleeding and hemoptysis may occur, on x-rays, infiltrates, as in a tuberculous process.
Moving along the bronchi to the pharynx, roundworms with sputum enter the mouth and, from there, the esophagus, stomach and intestines. In the intestine, roundworms are retained, resting against the walls of the intestines, causing inflammation, infiltration, and bleeding. Complications are possible when the pinworm enters the sinuses, liver, bile ducts, pancreas, and kidneys. There is intestinal obstruction, suppurative processes in the abdominal cavity. The diagnosis is based on stool analysis (at least 3 times), immunological tests, in the larval period.
Hookworm: a parasite
Hookworm: can enter a person through the skin when walking barefoot (does not leave traces), as well as, like the roundworm, through the mouth. Hookworm sizes: up to 1. 5 cm, migrates and damages in the same way as the roundworm. One feature is such a symptom as an itchy rash on the extremities and more pronounced anemia.
Stool tests, as for most invasions, should be done at least 3 times.
Wide Ribbon - Parasite
Broad tapewormis a long and large liver,the length of an individual is up to 10 meters, the lifespan in the human body is up to 25 years.Can you imagine what happens to a person if there are several such great centenarians inside?
Imagine how the worm twists in the intestine, how little space is left in the lumen of the human intestine! If the worm were "straightened", half its length would hang down! By the way, the worm absorbs all the necessary and useful substances for itself over the entire surface of the body.
You can get infected by eating raw fish, crayfish and caviar with little salt. Symptoms of the presence of a tapeworm can be anemia, exhaustion, abdominal pain, especially signs such as increased salivation in the morning, vomiting, nausea, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness, should be alerted. Intestinal obstruction is possible.
The release of the severed "tail" of the parasite from the intestines has a completely astonishing effect on a person who is unprepared; This is a characteristic of tapeworms that helps to make a diagnosis.
Bovine and porcine tapeworms are parasites
Bovine and porcine tapeworms are parasites that enter the human body with raw meat, meat products, and lard.
The length of an adult bovine tapeworm is up to 7 meters, that of a porcine tapeworm is up to 2 meters, the life span is up to 20 years and the main danger is the migration of larvae, whichto penetrate even the eyes and the brain.
Echinococcus and Alveococcus - parasites
Echinococcus and alveococcus are parasites that a person becomes infected by contact with carrier animals, drinking contaminated water, swallowing soil with berries and vegetables.
The larvae of the intestine are carried by the bloodstream throughout the body, entering the liver, lungs, kidneys, bones and brain. The larvae transform into a cyst, which grows by pushing and squeezing the surrounding tissues. Symptoms depend on the location of the cyst and the degree of compression of the organs.
Cyst rupture is a very serious complication.
Giardia: a parasite
Giardiais the simplest parasitic animal of the flagellate class. It is pear-shaped, 10-20 µm long; the dorsal side is convex, the ventral side is concave and forms a suction cup for temporary attachment to the epithelial cells of the host's intestine. 2 oval nuclei, 4 pairs of flagella. It lives in the human intestine (mainly in children), mainly in the duodenum, less frequently in the bile duct and gallbladder, causing giardiasis. Asymptomatic carriers of parasites are common. Cyst infection occurs when protozoa enter the small intestine through the mouth when contaminated food or water enters the body, as well as through dirty hands, etc. The incidence is sporadic. Giardiasis is common in all parts of the world.